(C) Business Insider

WASHINGTON D.C. — In what legal experts are calling a "once-in-a-generation" legal showdown, at least 1,800 companies have filed lawsuits against the U.S. government to recoup billions of dollars in tariffs previously ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

According to a recent analysis by the Wall Street Journal and court filings from the U.S. Court of International Trade (CIT), the number of plaintiffs is surging following a landmark ruling that invalidated the administration's "Reciprocal Tariff" policy.

A Corporate Exodus from the Treasury
The list of litigants reads like a "Who's Who" of the global economy. While early challengers included giants such as Costco Wholesale, Goodyear, and Barnes & Noble, the post-ruling wave has seen new entries from FedEx, L’Oréal, and Dyson.

Matthew Seligman, a lead attorney representing several plaintiffs, compared the scale of the litigation to the historic asbestos liability cases. "This is a legal tsunami," Seligman noted. "The difference here is that while asbestos claims trickled in over decades, these tariff claims are hitting the system all at once."

The $129 Billion Question
Data from U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) reveals the staggering scale of the dispute:

Total Affected Importers: At least 301,000 entities (including individuals).
Total Disputed Tariffs: Approximately $129 billion (KRW 184 trillion).
Legal Venue: The U.S. Court of International Trade in New York.
While the CIT is specialized in trade disputes, experts admit the court has never handled a single issue with this many potential litigants or this much capital at stake.

White House Resistance vs. Market Optimism
Despite the Supreme Court's ruling, the Trump administration has sent mixed signals regarding the timeline for payouts. President Donald Trump has hinted at prolonged litigation, arguing that the Supreme Court did not explicitly dictate the mechanism of the refund. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent added that while the government would abide by the law, the process of verification could take "weeks or months."

However, Wall Street seems convinced that the refunds are inevitable. This confidence has birthed a secondary market for "Tariff Refund Rights."

The Rise of the Refund Secondary Market
In a fascinatng financial pivot, companies are selling their claims to hedge funds and private equity firms to secure immediate liquidity.

Pre-Ruling Value: Refund rights were trading at roughly 20% of their face value.
Post-Ruling Value: Prices have surged to 40%.
For example, a company owed $1 million in refunds can now sell that claim for $400,000 in cash today, offloading the risk of government delays to investors. Major law firms are also pivoting, establishing dedicated "Tariff Recovery Task Forces" to capture a slice of what is expected to be a massive administrative undertaking.

As the legal battle shifts from the "if" to the "when" and "how much," the $129 billion hanging in the balance remains a significant wildcard for both the U.S. federal budget and the global supply chain.