Seoul, South Korea - The South Korean food and apparel sectors are bracing for potential fallout after the United States announced on Tuesday, April 2nd, the imposition of a 26% reciprocal tariff on goods originating from South Korea. The move has triggered concerns about declining export competitiveness and potential price hikes, despite initial assessments suggesting a limited overall impact.

The apparel industry faces particularly acute challenges due to its extensive reliance on manufacturing in Southeast Asia. The US decision to also designate Southeast Asia as a reciprocal tariff zone, slapping a hefty 46% tariff on Vietnamese imports, has amplified worries. Many South Korean apparel firms utilize OEM and ODM models, with production bases in countries like Vietnam. Hansae Yes24 Holdings, which operates 15 factories in Vietnam and produces 39% of its output there, is expected to be among the hardest hit.

The food industry presents a more nuanced picture, with companies possessing US-based production facilities appearing better positioned to weather the tariff storm. Samyang Foods, the maker of the popular "Buldak Ramen," is scrambling to formulate a response. The company, which has witnessed significant sales growth in the Americas, has established a task force to explore strategies such as diversifying export markets. Industry insiders suggest that Samyang Foods, which exports directly from its domestic plants, will find it challenging to absorb the 26% tariff or pass it on to consumers through price increases, given existing price premiums over domestic rates and competition from US-made products.

"Local prices are already somewhat higher than in Korea, and our price competitiveness against American products is weaker," noted a food industry representative. "Raising prices further could significantly impact sales, creating a difficult dilemma."

Conversely, food giants like CJ CheilJedang, Nongshim, and Pulmuone are expected to experience minimal disruption due to their existing US manufacturing plants or near-term plans to establish such facilities.

The liquor industry is also expressing surprise at the US decision to levy tariffs on all imported canned beer. While HiteJinro acknowledged that its US export volumes are not substantial, the company indicated it would closely monitor the situation and explore necessary countermeasures.

Meanwhile, the cosmetics sector is adopting a more cautious stance. With expectations that similar tariffs will be applied to other major exporters to the US, some believe that South Korean beauty products might actually see a relative improvement in their competitive standing. Amorepacific stated that while the tariffs might slightly impact the cost of goods for its North American operations, a significant blow is not anticipated. The company added that it would consider options like price adjustments or managing promotional expenses if needed.

The newly imposed tariffs mark a significant development in trade relations between South Korea and the United States, prompting South Korean industries to reassess their export strategies and operational footprints.