Global Economic Times

Paraguay and Brazil Express 'Equal' Interest in Itaipu Treaty Annex C Negotiations, Talks Halted Amid Cyber Espionage Allegations: Eugenio Rodolfo Sanabria Reporter / Updated : 2025-04-04 16:58:38

Bucheon, South Korea - Paraguay's Minister of Industry and Commerce (MIC), Javier Giménez, has asserted that Paraguay and Brazil share an equal level of interest in the renegotiation of Annex C of the Itaipu Treaty. Giménez, a key figure appointed by President Santiago Peña's administration to engage in discussions with Brazil, emphasized the significance of these negotiations for both nations.

Speaking to Monumental 1080AM radio on April 3rd, Giménez refuted claims suggesting Paraguay held a greater stake in reaching a new agreement. "I do not agree with some assertions that Paraguay has a greater interest in concluding the negotiations," he stated. He highlighted that the current administration had secured a historic electricity tariff of $19.28, providing essential resources for national programs. This statement suggests that Paraguay believes it has already achieved a favorable position.

Key Issues at Stake in the Negotiations

The Itaipu Dam, one of the world's largest hydroelectric power plants jointly operated by Paraguay and Brazil, has long seen Annex C, which governs the distribution of electricity and associated costs between the two countries, as a subject of contention. Giménez pointed to operational agreements and cost issues as primary drivers for Brazil's interest in the renegotiations.

"The current operating agreement allows Paraguay's National Electricity Administration (ANDE) to access cheaper energy, reducing operating costs," Giménez explained. "This is an aspect that the Brazilian side does not favor."

Furthermore, the $10 compensation fee that Paraguay charges Brazil for the transfer of energy contributes to higher electricity rates in Brazil. Giménez countered the notion that Brazil could afford to delay negotiations without consequence, stating, "The perception that Brazil has nothing to lose by delaying negotiations is incorrect." He projected that the inclusion of new clauses in Annex C could potentially adjust production costs to a range of $10 to $16.

Cyber Espionage Allegations Lead to Suspension of Talks

The renegotiation process, however, has been abruptly halted following strong objections from the Paraguayan government regarding alleged cyber espionage activities by the Brazilian Intelligence Agency (ABIN) targeting Paraguayan high-ranking officials.

"We have demanded clear answers about what happened over the past 9 to 10 months," Giménez asserted. "Suspending the negotiations until Brazil provides an explanation is the appropriate measure."

The Paraguayan government officially announced the unilateral suspension of negotiations related to Annex C on April 2nd. This development has the potential to create new tensions in the bilateral relationship, and the resumption of talks hinges on Brazil's official response to the allegations.

Outlook and Significance

Since its signing in 1973, the Itaipu Treaty has been a cornerstone of the economic and diplomatic relationship between Paraguay and Brazil. The renegotiation of Annex C is poised to be a crucial test of their cooperation, extending beyond energy distribution and cost matters.

Giménez expressed optimism, stating, "The current agreement provides Paraguay with stability and resources, which form the basis of government policies." However, the impact of the escalating conflict stemming from the espionage allegations on the negotiation process remains uncertain. The outcome of this situation will undoubtedly have significant implications for the future of Paraguay-Brazil relations and the operation of the vital Itaipu Dam.